De Stijl and the Bauhaus
Started in the Netherlands, De Stijl was 'The Style' which involved geometric forms and primary colours, along with black, white and grey. This style had an immediate reaction against the decorative excess of the Art Deco. This was the time for the new spiritualised world and painters like Theo Van Doesburg and Piet Moderian where the pioneers of this movement and style, which had spread and made an impact on society.
Having innovative ideas and the very famous say of ' Form follows Function' is perhaps the philosophy of this style and was noticed in the realm of architecture. This style was the response to such disasters after the World War 1 and now art was seen as 'Social and Spiritual redemption'.
The characteristics of this style are mainly straight lines, squares and rectangles, along with primary colours. Alongside with the paintings, architecture was influenced by art itself and this can be clearly seen in Piet Mondrian's studio which is literally famous painting portrayed in his studio's architecture. The black floor and the white walls compliment the lines running through the studio with panels of red, yellow and blue. The whole studio looks contemporary.
In the 1920's problems within the group arose and artist began to emerge into other styles and movement. As for Van Doesburg he began to devote more to the Bauhaus design School, which was the beginning of a new era.
The Bauhaus was formed by Walter Gropius a German American Architect. His aim was to reunite art with industrial design. This school was shaped after the trends of the Arts and Craft Movement and it triggered anxieties about how at that time products where being soulless and with no function. Mainly creativity and manufacturing where drifting apart and this had to reunite the design for the everyday life products.
The Bauhaus stressed a lot on the practical side of the art and how to maintain an intellectual and theoretical pursuit which was lined to art. So art and craft brought together a goal to solve problems.
Walter Groupius and Ludwig Mies Van Der Rohe
Both are great architects and are involved directly into the Bauhaus Design School. Together they where thought under the attendance of Peter Behrans and so they where very influenced by his designs.
The German-American Architect, Walter Adolph Gropius was the director of the Bauhaus. He was against the imitation and mass production and was determined to produce products which its appearance should determine its function.
One of his great influential architectural reference was is own house in the United States. It portrayed revolution against the common and cheap materials and wanted to renovate this mentality. This house was modest in scale and combined a lot of traditional elements of New England architecture such as the wood, brick and fieldstone with new and innovative materials which where rarely made in domestic architecture. This house followed the Bauhaus philosophy which is every aspect of the house and its surrounding landscape is done for efficiency and made simple. Along side with the traditional materials, he used glass blocks, plaster and even chrome banisters and the latest technology at that time.
The interior and the furniture inside the house was all done in the Bauhaus school and designed by the famous Marcel Breuer which makes it even more unique.
Now a days many of the characteristics of the Bauhaus can be featured almost everywhere and in every design and so many people are frequently getting influenced by these designs. Academically we also have a direct opportunity of producing what we are inspired from and replicate it in our designs. This is visible in the Model Making Unit which, myself was influenced by the huge glass panels used at that time and incorporated in my designs. That same feeling of getting the inside,out and out side,in.
Ludwig Mies Van Der Rohe was known for his development in architectural style which was Moderism. As said before, he was very much influenced by Peter Behrens and he also worked alongside Walter Gropius and Le Corbuiser. His widely used phrase 'Less is more', made a huge impact on designs and was used through any form of art and craft discipline.
A reference to the Barcelona Pavilion which was officially opened in 1929, and truly represented the spirit of the New Germany, which was simplicity and clarity are the two main things to live by. Everything is left open and nothing can be concealed. No ornamental stuff added but this Pavilion was truly a luxurious piece of architecture which also left an impact on modern design.
Some characteristics which are found in this pavilion are the semi-precious, ancient green polished marble to Golden Onyx along with two other marbles, the Roman travertine and the green alpine marble. Steel and glass materials where used and columns provided a kind of a grid points for the roof to rest against it. The bronze nude which is very controversial as it not clearly known if it symbolises flawless dance or running from reality.
This pavilion was demolished in 1929, less than a year from when it was built in place and it was reconstructed in the 1980's for it to stay where it is located today. Many materials and marble which was originally used, now can be found as table tops and other marble ornaments and the glass was thrown away.
My understanding of this iconic architectural reference is brought by the assignment given in class about the materials of the Barcelona Pavilion alongside the Barcelona chair which was also located inside the pavilion. Our findings on these unique materials and how they were placed make you more aware on the little details given by the architect himself, and how they make a huge difference if noticed beforehand.
Referance:
The Art Story. (2016). De Stijl Movement, Artists and Major Works. [online] Available at: http://www.theartstory.org/movement-de-stijl.htm [Accessed 12 May 2016].
Anderson, R. and Anderson, R. (2014). Style steal: Mondrian’s studio looked just like his paintings. [online] The Chromologist. Available at: http://thechromologist.com/style-steal-mondrians-studio-looked-just-like-paintings/ [Accessed 12 May 2016].
Visual-arts-cork.com. (2016). De Stijl: Dutch Abstract Art Group: Characteristics, History, Manifesto. [online] Available at: http://www.visual-arts-cork.com/history-of-art/de-stijl.htm [Accessed 12 May 2016].
The Art Story. (2016). Bauhaus Movement, Artists and Major Works. [online] Available at: http://www.theartstory.org/movement-bauhaus.htm [Accessed 12 May 2016].
Historicnewengland.org. (2016). Gropius House — Historic New England. [online] Available at: http://www.historicnewengland.org/historic-properties/homes/Gropius%20House [Accessed 12 May 2016].
En.wikiarquitectura.com. (2016). Gropius House - Architecture of the World - WikiArquitectura. [online] Available at: https://en.wikiarquitectura.com/index.php/Gropius_House [Accessed 12 May 2016].
ArchDaily. (2015). A Virtual Look Into Mies van der Rohe's Barcelona Pavilion. [online] Available at: http://www.archdaily.com/773846/a-virtual-look-into-mies-van-der-rohes-barcelona-pavilion [Accessed 12 May 2016].
Having innovative ideas and the very famous say of ' Form follows Function' is perhaps the philosophy of this style and was noticed in the realm of architecture. This style was the response to such disasters after the World War 1 and now art was seen as 'Social and Spiritual redemption'.
The characteristics of this style are mainly straight lines, squares and rectangles, along with primary colours. Alongside with the paintings, architecture was influenced by art itself and this can be clearly seen in Piet Mondrian's studio which is literally famous painting portrayed in his studio's architecture. The black floor and the white walls compliment the lines running through the studio with panels of red, yellow and blue. The whole studio looks contemporary.
In the 1920's problems within the group arose and artist began to emerge into other styles and movement. As for Van Doesburg he began to devote more to the Bauhaus design School, which was the beginning of a new era.
The Bauhaus was formed by Walter Gropius a German American Architect. His aim was to reunite art with industrial design. This school was shaped after the trends of the Arts and Craft Movement and it triggered anxieties about how at that time products where being soulless and with no function. Mainly creativity and manufacturing where drifting apart and this had to reunite the design for the everyday life products.
The Bauhaus stressed a lot on the practical side of the art and how to maintain an intellectual and theoretical pursuit which was lined to art. So art and craft brought together a goal to solve problems.
Walter Groupius and Ludwig Mies Van Der Rohe
Both are great architects and are involved directly into the Bauhaus Design School. Together they where thought under the attendance of Peter Behrans and so they where very influenced by his designs.
The German-American Architect, Walter Adolph Gropius was the director of the Bauhaus. He was against the imitation and mass production and was determined to produce products which its appearance should determine its function.One of his great influential architectural reference was is own house in the United States. It portrayed revolution against the common and cheap materials and wanted to renovate this mentality. This house was modest in scale and combined a lot of traditional elements of New England architecture such as the wood, brick and fieldstone with new and innovative materials which where rarely made in domestic architecture. This house followed the Bauhaus philosophy which is every aspect of the house and its surrounding landscape is done for efficiency and made simple. Along side with the traditional materials, he used glass blocks, plaster and even chrome banisters and the latest technology at that time.
The interior and the furniture inside the house was all done in the Bauhaus school and designed by the famous Marcel Breuer which makes it even more unique.
 |
| Façade of the Gropius House |
 |
| Side of the Gropius House |
 |
| Furniture done by the famous Marcel Breuer |
 |
| Furniture which was done in the Bauhaus Workshops |
Ludwig Mies Van Der Rohe was known for his development in architectural style which was Moderism. As said before, he was very much influenced by Peter Behrens and he also worked alongside Walter Gropius and Le Corbuiser. His widely used phrase 'Less is more', made a huge impact on designs and was used through any form of art and craft discipline.
A reference to the Barcelona Pavilion which was officially opened in 1929, and truly represented the spirit of the New Germany, which was simplicity and clarity are the two main things to live by. Everything is left open and nothing can be concealed. No ornamental stuff added but this Pavilion was truly a luxurious piece of architecture which also left an impact on modern design.
Some characteristics which are found in this pavilion are the semi-precious, ancient green polished marble to Golden Onyx along with two other marbles, the Roman travertine and the green alpine marble. Steel and glass materials where used and columns provided a kind of a grid points for the roof to rest against it. The bronze nude which is very controversial as it not clearly known if it symbolises flawless dance or running from reality.
 |
| Outside of the Barcelona Pavilion |
 |
| Inside the Barcelona Pavilion with the Barcelona Chairs |
This pavilion was demolished in 1929, less than a year from when it was built in place and it was reconstructed in the 1980's for it to stay where it is located today. Many materials and marble which was originally used, now can be found as table tops and other marble ornaments and the glass was thrown away.
My understanding of this iconic architectural reference is brought by the assignment given in class about the materials of the Barcelona Pavilion alongside the Barcelona chair which was also located inside the pavilion. Our findings on these unique materials and how they were placed make you more aware on the little details given by the architect himself, and how they make a huge difference if noticed beforehand.
Referance:
The Art Story. (2016). De Stijl Movement, Artists and Major Works. [online] Available at: http://www.theartstory.org/movement-de-stijl.htm [Accessed 12 May 2016].
Anderson, R. and Anderson, R. (2014). Style steal: Mondrian’s studio looked just like his paintings. [online] The Chromologist. Available at: http://thechromologist.com/style-steal-mondrians-studio-looked-just-like-paintings/ [Accessed 12 May 2016].
Visual-arts-cork.com. (2016). De Stijl: Dutch Abstract Art Group: Characteristics, History, Manifesto. [online] Available at: http://www.visual-arts-cork.com/history-of-art/de-stijl.htm [Accessed 12 May 2016].
The Art Story. (2016). Bauhaus Movement, Artists and Major Works. [online] Available at: http://www.theartstory.org/movement-bauhaus.htm [Accessed 12 May 2016].
Historicnewengland.org. (2016). Gropius House — Historic New England. [online] Available at: http://www.historicnewengland.org/historic-properties/homes/Gropius%20House [Accessed 12 May 2016].
En.wikiarquitectura.com. (2016). Gropius House - Architecture of the World - WikiArquitectura. [online] Available at: https://en.wikiarquitectura.com/index.php/Gropius_House [Accessed 12 May 2016].
ArchDaily. (2015). A Virtual Look Into Mies van der Rohe's Barcelona Pavilion. [online] Available at: http://www.archdaily.com/773846/a-virtual-look-into-mies-van-der-rohes-barcelona-pavilion [Accessed 12 May 2016].
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